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It comes as a surprise to most people that only 2600 Title III intercepts are done per year (as reported in 2005) in the United States. I’ll blame most of the surprise on all the police dramas on TV that, I think, lead most people to believe two things: 1 – it is very easy to get a warrant for an intercept and 2 – it happens all the time. But as the numbers attest, for a country with about 300 million citizens, 2600 is a very small number. Which country wins the prize for the most? Italy.

But I digress, lets take a quick look at the reasons that the number is so low. First of all you can thank the strong personal rights and freedoms that are enjoyed by US citizens. The court system is very reluctant to impede on those rights even for the sake of national security. In order for a Law Enforcement agency to receive approval (a warrant) to intercept someone’s communications they have to pass a very high bar and demonstrate significant need. This hurdle not only protects the intended target from undue invasion but also protects all of the potential people that target will be communicating with.

In addition to the significant legal barrier, law enforcement needs to be ready to allocate the necessary resources in terms of manpower. In the U.S. law enforcement can not “turn on the recorder” and record whatever happens and review it at some later point. In order to further protect the rights and privacy of U.S. citizens, when an intercept (wiretap) is being performed the call must be listened to live by a sworn law enforcement agent. This means 24 hours a day, seven days a week an agent needs to be ready to listen to the calls. In addition the agent has to be dedicated to that case, meaning they can’t listen to more than one call at a time. The reason they are dedicated is that if the content of the call is not relevant to the case, then the call is “minimized”. This means that portion of the call is not recorded and not made available for future review.

So at the highest level both the due process of the US judicial system and the required resources to operate an intercept prevent the number of intercepts from getting very large and restrict their use to the most significant cases.

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Maranello, July 27 - Ferrari said on Friday that a decision by Formula 1 authorities to let McLaren off on spying charges was far from being the end of the matter.
Chairman Luca Cordero di Montezemolo appeared to hint that the Italian team could appeal against the ruling, which admitted McLaren had been in possession of secret Ferrari information but imposed no penalty.

“I want to say to the fans that are contacting Ferrari from all over the world that they can relax because this business isn’t going to finish here,” Montezemolo said.

The Ferrari chief said fans had been “offended” by Thursday’s ruling.

Meanwhile, Ferrari Managing Director Jean Todt said legal action against the Ferrari informer and against the suspended McLaren staffer who received the information would move ahead.

“We do not rule out taking further action,” he added in comments published on the Ferrari website, without giving any details.

The FIA council said it could not punish McLaren because there was no evidence that the information leaked to the British team had been exploited.

But Todt said this was irrelevant because in Formula 1 having information about a rival’s car can provide a team with an important advantage “It’s like playing a hand of poker with a rival who already knows what cards you are holding,” he said.

Todt repeated Ferrari’s view that the ruling as “incomprehensible” and damaging to the credibility of Formula 1 because it effectively gave a green light to spying.

Officials at the Italian team’s headquarters in Maranello on Friday avoided commenting on what Ferrari’s next moves might be. “We’re thinking about what to do,” one of them said.

No meetings have reportedly been scheduled yet to discuss a possible appeal.

Read more on ANSA

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ROME - it was not only a french kiss the one which the homosexual couple was exchanging the slid night on the ladder path that carry to the Colosseo. This is what is learned reading report of the police officers who have charged the two for “obscene actions in public place”. To kiss itself, has been emphasized from the investigators, is against article 527 of the code, while the crime was “evident and without doubt”. Crime that - this one underlined - would have been contested to every couple; heterosexual or homosexual, there is no difference.

The episode, says investigators, has happened to 1:30, when in Rome Center, the roads are still full of people and in particular of tourists. The police officers, have been pointed out, were not looking at the inside of parks or isolated zones, where usually the couples, homosexual and heterosexual, live intimate moments, but were looking in front of the most important monument in Rome - Colosseo, where the two boys have been busted.

More from ANSA

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Search is part of the fundamental infrastructure of the Internet. And, it is currently broken.

Why is it broken? It is broken for the same reason that proprietary software is always broken: lack of freedom, lack of community, lack of accountability, lack of transparency. Wikia will start to change all that.

Grub started back in 2000 with a simple concept of distributing part of the search process pipeline: crawling. In a way, we were a bit ahead of our time, but our intention then was what it is now. We want to help fix search.

Now, with the help of Wikia, community members, contibuters, and Open Source developers our time has come again.

Read more and stay tuned to developments regarding getting Grub going again. 

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Are you getting lost among all these social networking sites? Did you have to ask for your password over and over vial email? (did you remember which email account you used?).
Anyway if those hundreds of Social networking sites making your life easier by making it harder, you got one more things coming!
Social network aggregators! This group is a relatively new breed services which try to consolidate all your various social networking profiles into one, with varying success. Mashable’s Stan takes you through 20 of those which he thinks has a right to be mentioned. He even gives you free 21st of these aggregators! as a bonus.
Profilactic, Minggl, iStalkr, Correlate.us, and Explode.us are the first five! so take a ride to Mashable land and read, follow and chose the best!

20 Ways To Aggregate Your Social Networking Profiles

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“Data Breaches Are Frequent, but Evidence of Resulting Identity Theft Is Limited; However, the Full Extent Is Unknown…” This is what United States Government Accountability (GAO) says in a report to Congressional Requesters.

Why GAO Did This Study?
As a result of advances in computer technology and electronic storage, in recent years, many entities in the private, public, and government sectors have reported the loss or theft of sensitive personal information. These breaches have raised concerns in part because they can result in identity theft—either account fraud (such as misuse of credit card numbers) or unauthorized creation of new accounts (such as opening a credit card in someone else’s name). Many states have enacted laws requiring entities that experience breaches to notify affected individuals, and Congress is considering legislation that would establish a national breach notification requirement. Policymakers, consumer advocates, and others have raised concerns that data breaches can contribute to identity theft, in which an individual’s sensitive personal information is used fraudulently. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC), which is responsible for taking complaints from victims and sharing them with law enforcement agencies, has noted that identity theft is a serious problem—millions of Americans are affected each year, and victims may face substantial costs and time to repair the damage to their good name and credit record.
Although there is no commonly agreed-upon definition, the term “data breach” generally refers to an organization’s unauthorized or unintentional exposure, disclosure, or loss of sensitive personal information, which can include personally identifiable information such as Social Security numbers (SSN) or financial information such as credit card numbers. Data breaches can take many forms and do not necessarily lead to identity theft. The term “identity theft” is broad and encompasses many types of criminal activities, including fraud on existing accounts—such as unauthorized use of a stolen credit card number—or fraudulent creation of new accounts—such as using stolen data to open a credit card account in someone else’s name. Depending on the type of information compromised and how it is misused, identity theft victims can face a range of potential harm, from the inconvenience of having a credit card reissued to substantial financial losses and damaged credit ratings.

Beginning with California in 2002, at least 36 states have enacted breach notification laws—that is, laws that require certain entities that experience a data breach to notify individuals whose personal information was lost or stolen. There is no federal statute that requires most companies or other entities to notify affected individuals of data breaches, although federal banking regulatory agencies have issued guidance on breach notification to the banks, thrifts, and credit unions they supervise. In addition, the Office of Management and Budget has issued guidance—developed by the President’s Identity Theft Task Force—on responding to data breaches at federal agencies. Because a number of bills have been introduced in Congress that would establish a national breach notification requirement, Congress asked GAO to review the costs and benefits of such a requirement and the link between data breaches and identity theft.

GAO was asked to examine (1) the incidence and circumstances of breaches of sensitive personal information; (2) the extent to which such breaches have resulted in identity theft; and (3) the potential benefits, costs, and challenges associated with breach notification requirements. To address these objectives, GAO reviewed available reports on data breaches, analyzed 24 large data breaches, and gathered information from federal and state government agencies, researchers, consumer advocates, and others.

This report focuses on breaches of sensitive personal data that can be used to commit identity theft, and not on breaches of other sensitive data, such as medical records or proprietary business information. To address the first two objectives, GAO obtained and analyzed information on data breaches that have been reported in the media and aggregated by three private research and advocacy organizations, as well as information on breaches collected by state agencies in New York and North Carolina, federal banking regulators, and federal law enforcement agencies. GAO also collected information on breaches experienced by federal agencies compiled by the House Government Reform Committee in 2006 and by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). In addition, GAO conducted a literature search of relevant articles, reports, and studies. GAO also conducted interviews with, and obtained documents from, representatives of federal agencies, including the FTC, the Department of Justice, DHS, and the federal banking regulatory agencies; selected state government agencies and the National Association of Attorneys General; private and nonprofit research organizations; and consumer protection and privacy advocacy groups. Further, we obtained information from industry and trade associations representing key sectors—including financial services, retail sales, higher education, health care, and information services—that have experienced data breaches. In addition, for the second objective, we examined the 24 largest (in terms of number of records breached) data breaches reported by the news media from January 2000 through June 2005 and tracked by private groups. For each of these breaches, GAO reviewed media reports and other publicly available information, and conducted interviews, where possible, with representatives of the entities that experienced the breaches, in an attempt to identify any known instances of identity theft that resulted from the breaches. GAO also examined five breaches that involved federal agencies, which were selected because they represented a variety of different circumstances. For the third objective, GAO reviewed the federal banking regulatory agencies’ proposed and final guidance related to breach notification, and interviewed representatives of each agency regarding their consideration of potential costs, benefits, and challenges during development of the guidance. Further, GAO reviewed the strategic plan and other documents issued by the President’s Identity Theft Task Force. In addition, GAO conducted a review of the effects of California’s breach notification law, which included interviewing and gathering information from California state officials and selected California companies, educational institutions, and other entities subject to the law’s notification requirements.

Read the Full Report Here

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The Article by Russian Minister of Foreign Affairs Sergey Lavrov “Containing Russia: Back to the Future?”

Influential political forces on both sides of the Atlantic appear intent on starting a debate about whether or not to “contain” Russia. The mere posing of the question suggests that for some almost nothing has changed since the Cold War.

What is a return to containment meant to achieve at a time when Russia has abandoned ideology and imperial aspirations in favor of pragmatism and common sense? What is the purpose of containing a country that is successfully developing and thereby naturally strengthening its international position? What is the point of containing a country that aspires to things as basic as international trade?

It should be no surprise that Russia today is making use of its natural competitive advantages. It is also investing in its human resources, encouraging innovation, integrating into the global economy, and modernizing its legislation. Russia wants international stability to underpin its own development. Accordingly, it is working toward the establishment of a freer and more democratic international order.

The new advocacy of containment may stem from a substantial gap between Russian and U.S. aspirations. U.S. diplomacy seeks to transform what Washington considers “nondemocratic” govern-ments around the world, reordering entire regions in the process. Russia, with its experience with revolution and extremism, cannot subscribe to any such ideologically driven project, especially one that comes from abroad. The Cold War represented a step away from the Westphalian standard of state sovereignty, which placed values beyond the scope of intergovernmental relations. A return to Cold War theories such as containment will only lead to confrontation.

In contrast to the Soviet Union, Russia is an open country that does not erect walls, either physical or political. On the contrary, Russia calls for the removal of visa barriers and other artificial hurdles in international relations. It espouses democracy and market economics as the right bases for social and political order and economic life.

Although Russia has a long way to go, it has chosen a path of development that entails unprecedented, and at times painful, changes. Russian society has reached a broad consensus that these changes should be evolutionary and free of upheavals. Ultimately, a mature democracy, with a vibrant civil society and a well-structured party system, will emerge from a higher level of social and economic development. This requires a substantial middle class, which cannot come into being overnight. It was only Russian tycoons who emerged overnight in the early 1990s – and those times are definitely over.

Frictional Energy

Countries dependent on external sources of energy criticize Russia for assuming its naturally large role in the global energy sector. However, those countries should recognize that energy dependence is reciprocal, since hoarding is not a wise choice for an energy exporting country. That is why Russia has never failed to fulfill any of its hydrocarbon-supply contracts with importing countries. Russia does, however, consider energy to be a strategic sector that helps safeguard independence in its foreign relations. This is understandable given the negative external reactions to Russia’s strengthened economy and enlarged role in international affairs, in which Russia lawfully employs its newly gained freedom of action and speech. It should not be criticized by those who frown on a stronger Russia.

The Russian government’s energy policy reflects a global trend toward state control over natural resources. Ninety percent of the world’s proven hydrocarbon reserves are under some form of state control. Such state control of energy resources is offset, however, by the concentration of cutting-edge technology in the hands of private transnational corporations. Thus, there are incentives for cooperation between the parties, with each sharing the same objective of meeting the energy requirements of the world economy.

Russia is pursuing a foreign policy in striking contrast to the ideologically motivated internationalism of the Soviet Union. Today, Russia believes that multilateral diplomacy based on international law should manage regional and global relations. As globalization has extended beyond the West, competition has become truly global – nothing less than a paradigm shift. Competing states must now take into account differing values and development patterns. The challenge is to establish fairness in this complex competitive environment.

The logical approach is for countries to focus on their competitive advantages without imposing their values on others. U.S. attempts to do the latter have weakened the West’s competitive position. As Eberhard Sandschneider, director of the Research Institute of the German Society for Foreign Policy, has put it, U.S. policies in recent years have “damaged tremendously the image of the West” in Asia and Africa. He concludes that nothing, or almost nothing, has been done to make Western values attractive to Asian and African populations. Russia can hardly be held responsible for that.

In his speech in Munich earlier this year, Russian President Vladimir Putin stated the obvious when he said that a “unipolar world” had failed to materialize. Recent experience shows as clearly as ever that no state or group of states possesses sufficient resources to impose its will on the world. Hierarchy might seem attractive to some in global affairs, but it is utterly unrealistic. It is one thing to respect American culture and civilization; it is another to embrace Americo-centrism.

The new international system has not one but several leading actors, and their collective leadership is needed to manage global relations. This multipolarity encourages network diplomacy as the best way for states to achieve shared objectives. In this system, the United Nations becomes pivotal, providing through its charter the means for collective discussion and action.

The Limits Of Force

In the twenty-first century, delay in solving accumulated problems carries devastating consequences for all nations. One sure lesson is that unilateral responses, consisting primarily of using force, result in stalemates and broken china everywhere. The current catalog of unresolved crises – Iraq, Iran, Lebanon, Darfur, North Korea – is a testament to that. Genuine security will only be achieved through establishing normal relations and engaging in dialogue. German Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier hit the right note when he counseled that today’s world should be based on cooperation rather than military deterrence.

Complex problems require comprehensive approaches. In the case of Iran, resolving differences should lie in the normalization by all countries of their relations with Tehran. Normalization would also help preserve the nuclear nonproliferation regime. Regarding Kosovo, independence from Serbia would create a precedent that goes beyond the existing norms of international law. Our partners’ inclination to give way to the blackmail of violence and anarchy within Kosovo contrasts with the indifference shown to similar violence and anarchy in the Palestinian territories, where it has been tolerated for decades while a Palestinian state has yet to be established.

Eliminating the Cold War legacy in Europe, where the containment policy was dominant for too long, is especially pressing. Creating division in Europe encourages nationalist sentiments that threaten the unity of the continent. The current problems faced by the European Union, in particular, and European politics, in general, cannot be solved without Europe’s maintaining constructive and future-oriented relations with Russia – relations based on mutual trust and confidence. This ought to be seen as serving U.S. interests as well.

Instead, various attempts are being made to contain Russia, including through the eastward expansion of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization in violation of previous assurances given to Moscow. Today, supporters of NATO enlargement harp on the organization’s supposed role in the promotion of democracy. How is democracy furthered by a military-political alliance that is producing scenarios for the use of force?

Meanwhile, some are promoting the extension of NATO membership to the countries that comprise the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) as some sort of pass providing admittance to the club of democratic states whether these countries meet the democratic test or not. One cannot help wondering whether this initiative is being pursued for the sake of moral satisfaction or again to contain Russia.

As far as the CIS is concerned, Russia has the capacity to maintain social, economic, and other forms of stability in the region. Moscow’s rejection of politicized trade and economic relations and its adoption of market-based principles testifies to its determination to have normalcy in interstate relations. Russia and the West can cooperate in this region but only by forsaking zero-sum power games.

The drive to place missile defenses in eastern Europe is evidence of the U.S. effort to contain Russia. It is hardly coincidental that this installation would fit into the U.S. global missile defense system that is deployed along Russia’s perimeter. Many Europeans are rightfully concerned that stationing elements of the U.S. missile defense system in Europe would undermine disarmament processes. For its part, Russia considers the initiative a strategic challenge that requires a strategic response.

President Putin’s offer to allow joint usage of the Gabala radar base in Azerbaijan, instead of those eastern European installations – as well as his proposal, made when meeting with President George W.Bush in Kennebunkport, Maine, in July, to create a regional monitoring and early warning system – provides a brilliant opportunity to find a way out of the present situation with the dignity of all parties intact. As a starting point for a truly collective effort in this area, Russia is willing to take part, together with the United States and others, in a joint analysis of potential missile threats up to the year 2020.

The desire to contain Russia clearly manifests itself as well in the situation surrounding the 1990 Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (or CFE Treaty). Russia complies with the treaty in good faith and insists only on the one thing that the treaty promises: equal security. However, the equal security principle was compromised with the dissolution of the Warsaw Pact; meanwhile, NATO was left intact and then enlarged. In the meantime, attempts to correct the situation have come up against the refusal of NATO member countries to ratify the modernization of the treaty under various unrelated pretexts that have no legal justification and are entirely political. The lesson to be drawn from the CFE Treaty stalemate is that any element of global or European security architecture that is not based on the principles of equality and mutual benefit will not prove to be sustainable. After all, if we cannot adapt this old instrument to the new realities, is it not time to review the situation and start developing a new system of arms control and confidence-building measures, if we find that Europe needs one? Here again, frank discussion at Kennebunkport gave hope that there is way to move toward putting into force the adapted treaty.

Beyond The Cold War

It is time to bury the Cold War legacy and establish structures that meet the imperatives of this era – particularly since Russia and the West are no longer adversaries and do not wish to create the impression that war is still a possibility in Europe. The path to trust lies through candid dialogue and reasoned debate, as well as interactions based on the joint analysis of threats. At the moment, however, without reasonable grounds, Russia is excluded from such joint analysis. Instead, it is urged to believe in the analytic abilities and good intentions of its partners.

Russians do not suffer from a sense of exceptionalism, but neither do they consider their analytic abilities and ideas inferior to those of others. Russia will respond to safeguard its national security, and in doing so will be guided by the principle of “reasonable sufficiency.” Meanwhile, it will always keep the door open for positive joint action to safeguard common interests on the basis of equality. This is the only serious approach to national security concerns.

In his speech in Munich, President Putin invited all of Russia’s partners to start a serious and substantive discussion of the current status of international affairs, which is far from satisfactory. Russia is convinced that a friend/enemy attitude toward it should be a thing of the past. If efforts are being undertaken to “counter Russia’s negative behavior,” how can Russia be expected to cooperate in areas of interest to its partners? One has to choose between containment and cooperation. This is relevant to Russia’s accession to the World Trade Organization and the Asian Development Bank and to the unwarranted continuance of the 1970s Jackson-Vanik amendment, which denies Russia permanent normal trading relations with the United States.

U.S.-Russian relations still enjoy the stabilizing benefits of a close and honest working relationship between President Putin and President Bush. Both countries and both peoples share the memory of their joint victory over fascism and their joint exit from the Cold War, which unites them in its own right. Should equal partnership prevail in U.S.-Russian relations, very little will be impossible for the two nations to achieve. The challenges are many – the struggle against international terrorism; organized crime and drug trafficking; the search for realistic climate protection; the development of nuclear energy while strengthening nonproliferation efforts; the pursuit of global energy security; and the exploration of outer space. Practical cooperation on these and other challenges should not be sacrificed on the altar of renewed containment.

At present, anti-Americanism is not as widespread in Russia as it is elsewhere. But a return to containment, and the bloc-based thinking that accompanies it, could trigger mutual alienation between Americans and Russians. The strains evident in the U.S.-Russian relationship call for a high-level working group charged with finding ways to further cooperation. The presidents of Russia and the United States support the idea of such a group, headed by the former statesmen Henry Kissinger and Yevgeny Primakov.

Both sides should demonstrate a broad-minded and unbiased vision, one that represents Russia and the United States as two branches of European civilization. Russia, the United States, and the European Union should work together to preserve the integrity of the Euro-Atlantic space in global politics. For as Jacques Delors has said, whenever this troika “is divided by differences, whenever each party plays its own game, the risk of global instability greatly increases.”

So why not stand together and act in the spirit of cooperation and fair competition on the basis of shared standards and a respect for international law? At the Kennebunkport meeting in July, President Putin and President Bush demonstrated what teamwork can achieve. They agreed to look for common approaches to missile defense and strategic arms reductions, and they launched new initiatives on nuclear energy and nonproliferation. Russia and the United States have nothing to divide them; along with other partners, they share responsibility for the future of the world. It is not Russia that needs to be contained; it is those who would deprive the world of the benefits that will come from a strong U.S.-Russian partnership.

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I would say Yes; “or, at least in my opinion it is.As the new version of Netscape is just over a year old now, it seemed like a good time to fairly compare Netscape and Digg, the 2 most popular social news media sites. Pronet did a good job going over the , as they did for .”

Read more on NowSourcing…

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I can’t help it. Even though Safari has a nicer looking UI, and the most recent Windows update is leaking memory like a sieve, I keep running Firefox as my primary Web browser. Why? Because no other browser has managed to give me anything like the extensibility story that Firefox extensions bring to my daily web working experience. With thousands of extensions out there, your list may vary, but here’s my own selection of half a dozen essentials:

Available at WebWorkerDaily

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A very nice comment I just read. Indeed, social networks will help killing blogging, that’s my opinion…

If you’re a little skeptical that micro-blogging will kill blogging, how about the idea that social networking sites such as Facebook and MySpace are already contributing to the impending decline in the popularity of blogging?

Don’t think so? Well, Facebook and Bebo have offered Twitter-like functionality, including the ability to post and read updates via text/sms, for a few months - and now MySpace has joined the club.

But, read it all by yourself

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